Induction of intestinal immunity by mucosal vaccines as a means of controlling HIV infection—Jordan poles 2014

HIV selectively depletes GI tract CD4(+) T cells. Thus, immunization could protect these susceptible cells by inducing an efficient anti-HIV immune response in the GI tract mucosa. Mucosal vaccination may boost GI tract humoral and cellular responses. We review the literature on oral (intraintestinal/tonsilar/sublingual), intranasal, and intrarectal mucosal vaccination routes for inducing immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T cells and antibodies in the GI mucosa and protecting against challenge models. Mucosal pathways can induce GI mucosal immunity and protect against challenge, according to literature. We suggest that next-generation HIV vaccines be delivered via mucosal channels, including nonconventional sublingual, tonsilar, and intrarectal routes, because they induce anti-HIV immune responses in the GI mucosa. However, more research is needed to discover the best vectors and vaccination regimens for these modes of immunization and confirm their HIV-controlling efficiency.

Poles, J., Alvarez, Y., & Hioe, C. E. (2014). Induction of intestinal immunity by mucosal vaccines as a means of controlling HIV infection. AIDS research and human retroviruses, 30(11), 1027–1040. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.0233