Vaccination against coronaviruses in domestic animals—Tizard 2020

COVID-19's pandemic has sparked a search for a vaccination. This search may benefit from animal health professionals' experience with coronavirus vaccinations in domestic animals. These animal vaccinations won't protect humans from COVID-19, but knowing the challenges of vaccinating animals may assist avoid or reduce similar issues in humans. Coronaviruses infect dogs, cats, cattle, pigs, and poultry. Vaccines prevent many of these infections. Puppy immunizations are protective, although the sickness is minor and self-limiting. Feline coronavirus infections can be mild or cause deadly infectious peritonitis. Vaccinating cats must create protective immunity without generating immune-mediated illness. Bovine coronavirus vaccines protect calves from enteric and respiratory illness. Two important cattle species have severe coronavirus infections. So, pigs may be infected with six coronaviruses, one of which, porcine epidemic diarrhea, is difficult to manage despite novel vaccines. Genetic alterations occur often in PEDV. Infectious bronchitis coronavirus kills chickens economically. It undergoes numerous genetic alterations and can only be controlled by regular immunization. Other problems with animal vaccines include short-lived immunity and ineffective inactivated vaccines. They're cheap to create and suitable for mass vaccinations.

Tizard I. R. (2020). Vaccination against coronaviruses in domestic animals. Vaccine, 38(33), 5123–5130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.026