Acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks collected from different farming systems in Zimbabwe- Chitombo-2021

The larval packet test (LPT) was used to assess tick resistance to amidine (amitraz) and organophosphate (chlorfenvinphos) in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. Small-scale and commercial farming methods revealed amitraz ER. Both acaricides were effective in community farming systems. Small-scale farming systems have higher chlorfenvinphos ER than communal and commercial farms. Amitraz RRs were higher than chlorfenvinphos. This study reveals that management approaches, acaricide formulations, animal treatments, intensity, and frequency of use may predispose R. appendiculatus ticks in small-scale and commercial farming settings to amitraz resistance. Amitraz is the most popular acaricide in all farming systems, hence resistance is developing faster than organophosphates. To avoid and control tick acaricide resistance, it is necessary to study acaricide use and management practices in Zimbabwe's cattle agricultural systems.

Chitombo, L., Lebani, K., & Sungirai, M. (2021). Acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks collected from different farming systems in Zimbabwe. Tropical animal health and production, 53(4), 431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02881-2